Qianlong Tongbao (乾隆通寶)

The Qianlong coin, known as the Qianlong Tongbao (乾隆通寶), was issued during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1736–1796). Like other traditional Chinese cash coins, it is round with a square central hole, symbolizing the ancient concept of “heaven is round, earth is square.” Most examples were cast in bronze or brass, though some were made in copper, iron, or lead depending on the mint and region. On the obverse, the inscription “乾隆通寶” appears, which translates to “circulating treasure of Qianlong,” written in Chinese script. The reverse side often bears mint marks in either Chinese or Manchu characters, identifying the minting authority, such as the Board of Revenue (寶源) or Board of Works (寶泉) in Beijing, as well as numerous provincial mints across the empire. These coins reflect the economic strength and administrative reach of the Qing dynasty during one of its most prosperous periods. Produced in massive quantities, common specimens remain plentiful today and hold modest monetary value, but variations in mint marks, calligraphy, or metal content can make certain examples rare and desirable to collectors. Beyond their numismatic interest, Qianlong coins are valued as cultural artifacts that embody the artistry, symbolism, and history of Qing China.